Tackling socioeconomic disparities, and levelling the playing field, calls for equality of opportunity — to learn, to lead, to progress, and to thrive. Supporting research. University research changes lives for the better. It informs and enables evidence-based policy making, yields advances in science and medicine, and finds solutions to global challenges.
Strengthening universities. Strong universities are a cornerstone of strong societies, and make a vital contribution to the social, economic and cultural development of every nation. Discover top findings and recommendations from a Wellcome-commissioned study on language-based equity in African health research. How can institutions create and assess research impact?
In this blog, Jeremy Collymore, Co-Convenor of the Commonwealth Climate Resilience Network, discusses the important role of universities in climate action. Assistant Professor Ravinder Dhiman at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India, talks about the interplay between climate-induced disasters, technology and policy.
For the lives we can lead The Association of Commonwealth Universities ACU is an international organisation dedicated to building a better world through higher education.
Become a member. UK-wide award of different classes of honours degrees The table below shows the percentage of each class of honours degree awarded across the UK, by year. Gut Gut. They will be able to advise you what to expect during the investigation and how best to make your case. On the contrary, it is vital that you situate your writing within the intellectual debates of your discipline.
Academic essays almost always involve the use and discussion of material written by others, and, with due acknowledgement and proper referencing, this is clearly distinguishable from plagiarism. The knowledge in your discipline has developed cumulatively as a result of years of research, innovation and debate. You need to give credit to the authors of the ideas and observations you cite.
Not only does this accord recognition to their work, it also helps you to strengthen your argument by making clear the basis on which you make it. Moreover, good citation practice gives your reader the opportunity to follow up your references, or check the validity of your interpretation. You may feel that including the citation for every point you make will interrupt the flow of your essay and make it look very unoriginal. At least initially, this may sometimes be inevitable.
However, by employing good citation practice from the start, you will learn to avoid errors such as close paraphrasing or inadequately referenced quotation. It is important to understand the reasons behind the need for transparency of source use. All academic texts, even student essays, are multi-voiced, which means they are filled with references to other texts.
If you are substantially indebted to a particular argument in the formulation of your own, you should make this clear both in footnotes and in the body of your text according to the agreed conventions of the discipline, before going on to describe how your own views develop or diverge from this influence.
On the other hand, it is not necessary to give references for facts that are common knowledge in your discipline. If you are unsure as to whether something is considered to be common knowledge or not, it is safer to cite it anyway and seek clarification. You do need to document facts that are not generally known and ideas that are interpretations of facts. Although plagiarism in weekly essays does not constitute a University disciplinary offence, it may well lead to College disciplinary measures.
Persistent academic under-performance can even result in your being sent down from the University. Although tutorial essays traditionally do not require the full scholarly apparatus of footnotes and referencing, it is still necessary to acknowledge your sources and demonstrate the development of your argument, usually by an in-text reference.
Many tutors will ask that you do employ a formal citation style early on, and you will find that this is good preparation for later project and dissertation work. In any case, your work will benefit considerably if you adopt good scholarly habits from the start, together with the techniques of critical thinking and writing described above. As junior members of the academic community, students need to learn how to read academic literature and how to write in a style appropriate to their discipline.
This does not mean that you must become masters of jargon and obfuscation; however the process is akin to learning a new language. It is necessary not only to learn new terminology, but the practical study skills and other techniques which will help you to learn effectively. Developing these skills throughout your time at university will not only help you to produce better coursework, dissertations, projects and exam papers, but will lay the intellectual foundations for your future career.
Even if you have no intention of becoming an academic, being able to analyse evidence, exercise critical judgement, and write clearly and persuasively are skills that will serve you for life, and which any employer will value.
Borrowing essays from other students to adapt and submit as your own is plagiarism, and will develop none of these necessary skills, holding back your academic development. Students who lend essays for this purpose are doing their peers no favours. Not all cases of plagiarism arise from a deliberate intention to cheat. Sometimes students may omit to take down citation details when taking notes, or they may be genuinely ignorant of referencing conventions.
However, these excuses offer no sure protection against a charge of plagiarism. Even in cases where the plagiarism is found to have been neither intentional nor reckless, there may still be an academic penalty for poor practice.
It is your responsibility to find out the prevailing referencing conventions in your discipline, to take adequate notes, and to avoid close paraphrasing. If you are offered induction sessions on plagiarism and study skills, you should attend. Together with the advice contained in your subject handbook, these will help you learn how to avoid common errors.
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