Some authors suggest the use of alternative techniques to animal testing, since they consider it an immoral and ineffective practice. These methods include in vitro tests tissues and cells ; the use of vegetables; non-invasive clinical studies in human volunteers; conducting studies with corpses instead; the use of lower organisms that are not classified as protected animals shrimp and water flea larvae ; physicochemical techniques; computer simulations; educational software; films; mathematical models; nanotechnology; and test dummies.
Ethical guidelines, animal profile, various animal models used in periodontal research with alternatives and future perspectives. J Indian Soc Periodontol. The use of porcine small intestine and pork belly skin has proved useful in teaching suturing, grafting and surgical knotting techniques. Still, the absence of bleeding restricts the training for hemostasis, which is thus a limiting factor. The embryo of zebra fish Danio-rerio is considered a promising model for predicting toxicity in vertebrates, including humans.
Its rapid development and transparency facilitate the evaluation of phenotypic effects, making it an effective model for the study of human diseases. Zebrafish as an alternative vertebrate model for investigating developmental toxicity-The Triadimefon Example. Int J Mol Sci. Still, these alternative methods are at different stages of development and validation. This is a difficult and slow process, since it entails collaborative studies, which are in turn carried out in several places, and the analysis of inter- and intra-laboratory variations.
They must undergo a series of evaluations, such as effectiveness, safety, toxicity, specificity, sensitivity and predictive value, before they can eventually be validated as alternative methods.
Progress in animal experimentation ethics: a case study from a Brazilian medical school and from the international medical literature. It is undeniable that in vivo animal experimentation has contributed to biological development and biomedical research, yet it is also associated with high production costs and strict ethical considerations.
These limitations led to the development of a cost-effective ex vivo model that can effectively replace in vivo and in vitro models, thus contributing to animal welfare. The use of rats and mice as animal models in ex vivo bone growth and development studies.
Bone Joint Res. Ex vivo models can be used to develop new therapies in which the disease can be identified at an earlier stage and treated with very advanced techniques. In dentistry, with the development of an ex vivo culture model, the investigation of inflammatory cell behavior and metabolism in different types of periodontal disease has become easy. The behavior of investigators and professionals who use animals in research has been changing based on the latest technology and science advances pertaining to laboratory animals.
Currently, animal sensitivity is known to be similar to that of humans in regards to pain, memory, anguish and survival instinct. There is no justification for the absence of analgesia in those animals undergoing invasive experimental surgery.
Rev Bioet. Scientists are accountable for providing high-quality care to laboratory animals, such as easy access to water and a nutritious diet; prevention of and relief from pain, injury and disease; and appropriate housing for the species.
Ethical Inspection about laboratory animals. Conducting research is not permitted in cases where the damage to the animal is greater than the gain in knowledge, since no scientific advance can be justified based on the suffering of other living beings.
In addition to ensuring animal welfare, researchers must comply with the relevant legislation. Also, it is their responsibility to inquire about the subject. A clear legislation is mandatory, as well as conducting well-delineated research.
Whenever animal experimentation is involved, it is necessary to invest time in appropriately designing the project in order to justify the ethical argument for carrying out the scientific investigation, especially when determining the number of animals needed for ensuring reproducible results. It is important that the use of animal testing be discussed especially in universities, from where future researchers will emerge.
Scientists should make the best of their knowledge and experience so they can share with the general public the reasons why animal studies are important for scientific breakthroughs.
All institutions engaged in animal research also have a moral obligation to play a more active role than they are currently doing in fostering education and maintaining a dialog with the general public.
They should not only promote the evidence, but also share how they conduct their research and provide care to the animals involved. It is evident that the use of animals in both research and teaching has offered great contributions, especially to health sciences as they allowed for many important discoveries, such as the development of new drugs and treatments, as well as the understanding of certain biological phenomena.
However, activists fighting against this type of activity are still present, always emphasizing animal welfare and preventing cases of cruelty from against them. The principle of the 3Rs Replace, Reduce, Refine represents great progress in favor of the animals.
Replacing, reducing and refining the use of animals in tuberculosis vaccine research. In spite of that, it is necessary to think in an integrative manner, since reducing the number of animals would be pointless if the tests being carried out are of little significance, thereby invalidating the experiment as a whole. Similarly, there would be no use in reducing the number of animals without considering their suffering. This theory seeks full replacement of animal experimentation with alternative models.
Lin: Animals have a right to be free from human use and exploitation. They have rights because they are sentient — they are capable of suffering and feeling pain. Jacobsen: What are the central powerful objections to non-human animal rights? How much are these invalid? How much are these valid? They are full of moral outrage at the thought of eating these other animals. Obviously, they are thinking, feeling beings. We know that nonhuman animals are capable to emotions and thought because we see it in our pets every day.
Some animal uses are patently frivolous: circuses, fur, cosmetics testing, etc. The excuses for fur and circuses are flimsy, since the purposes are vanity and entertainment.
Companies test products on animals for pure greed and profit: to prove a new ingredient safe for consumers so that it can be patented and sold exclusively by that company. Jacobsen: How much is the respect for the health and wellness of other animals important for the health of ecosystems? All species — plant, animals, microbes, fungi — are part of the ecosystem. Wild animals are important for spreading seeds and fertilizing the ground.
Jacobsen: How much is animal agriculture contributing to anthropogenic climate change or human induced global warming? How can changes in our eating and the reduction in the suffering of non-human animals through the decrease in animal agriculture help with the health of future generations of people through reductions in the predicted severities of anthropogenic climate change?
As human beings we can do things such as only buying crueltyfree products, encourage schools to go cruelty-free in the bathrooms and kitchens, create public awareness in your local town, and much more. Animals should have the right to not be induced with such violence and torture just because of the fact that they are a different species than us humans. Douglas, Kate. Related documents. Senior Project Research Paper. Scientific research testing.
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